What does 'special effects (SFX)' refer to?

Special effects (SFX) are techniques used in film to create illusions or to enhance scenes in ways that are visually striking or immersive. The term encompasses both practical effects, which are physical and often performed on set—such as explosions, animatronics, or makeup effects—and digital effects, which are created during post-production using computer-generated imagery (CGI) or other digital tools. This dual nature allows filmmakers to utilize a variety of methods to achieve the desired visual impact and to tell their stories more effectively.

Practical effects can add realism to a scene by using tangible mechanics, while digital effects can accomplish tasks that might be impossible or more dangerous to achieve in reality. Recognizing that special effects can be both practical and digital is crucial for understanding how filmmakers can create the intended atmosphere or action within a narrative.